Compound degraded:Chlordane
General Description (About POP compound)
Chlordane is a chlorinated cyclodiene manufactured for insecticidal use. is a pesticide that has been obtained from the synthesis of heptachlor, chlordane, and nonachlor. It has low vapor pressure and volatilizes leisurely into the atmosphere. It is used broadly to control termites and insect repellent on a wide range of agricultural crops.
Biodegradation pathway
Publications
| Abstract | Title | Authors | Article Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| The objective was to investigate Enterobacter sp.LY402's ability to biodegradae chlordane under aerobic condition.[Method] Enterobacter sp.LY402,which could effectively degrade PCBs,was used to degrade chlordane in liquid culture.Effects of concentration,pH,temperature and carbon source on the degradation performance were investigated.[Result] After 4-day aerobic incubation at 30 ? without other carbon source,more than 94% of cis-chlordane(CC) and trans-chlordane(TC) mixture with a concentration of 1.0 mg/L was degraded.When exposed to a concentration as high as 10.0 mg/L,LY402 could still degrade 61% chlordane.The results showed that a pH range of 5.0-8.0 and a temperature range of 30-40 ? were most favorable for growth and effective degradation of chlordane.[Conclusion] Enterobacter sp.LY402 has a strong ability to biodegradae chlordane under aerobic condition. | Aerobic Biodegradation of Chlordane in Liquid Culture by Enterobacter sp. LY402 | Yan et al., 2014 | Link |
| Chlordane is an environmentally persistent soil insecticde, particularly useful in the protection of wooden structures from termite damage. A slow change was found to occur in the composition of soil residues of technical chlordane, suggestive of chemical or biological transformation of certain components. An actinomycete (Nocardiopsis sp.) isolated from soil was capable of extensively degrading chlordane in pure culture. Growing broth cultures of Nocardiopsis metabolized pure cis- or trans-chlordane to at least eight solvent-soluble substances including dichlorochlordene, oxychlordane, heptachlor, heptachlor endo-epoxide, chlordene chlorohydrin, and 3-hydroxy-trans-chlordane. Identifications were based on gas chromatographic or mass spectroscopic analysis. Oxychlordane was metabolically inert, and accumulated in the mycelium as a terminal residue. Patterns of metabolic activity in microorganisms were compared to the residue patterns in chlordane-treated soil. | Metabolism of cis- and trans-chlordane by a soil microorganism | Beeman and Matsumura. 1981 | Link |
| There is very limited information on the biotransformation of organochlorine pesticide chlordane by microorganisms, and no systematic study on the metabolic products and pathways for chlordane transformation by wood-rot fungi has been conducted. In this study, trans-chlordane was metabolized with the wood-rot fungi species Phlebia lindtneri, Phlebia brevispora and Phlebia aurea, which are capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and heptachlor epoxide. At the end of 42 days of incubation, over 50% of trans-chlordane was degraded by the fungal treatments in pure cultures. These fungi transformed trans-chlordane to at least eleven metabolites including a large amount of hydroxylated products such as 3-hydroxychlordane, chlordene chlorohydrin, heptachlor diol, monohydroxychlordene and dihydroxychlordene. P. lindtneri particularly can metabolize oxychlordane, a recalcitrant epoxide product of chlordane, into a hydroxylated product through substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group. The present results suggest that hydroxylation reactions play an important role in the metabolism of trans-chlordane by these Phlebia species. Additionally, transformation of trans-chlordane and production of hydroxylated metabolites were efficiently inhibited by the addition of cytochrome P450 inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide and 1-aminobenzotriazole, demonstrating that fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in some steps of trans-chlordane metabolism, particularly in the hydroxylation process. | Biotransformation of the organochlorine pesticide trans-chlordane by wood-rot fungi | Xiao et al., 2011 | Link |