| Compound Name |
Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane |
| Stockholm Annex code | I,IV |
| Key |
Annex I to the regulation are subject to prohibition (with specific exemptions) on manufacturing, placing on the market and use; Annex II to the regulation are subject to restriction on manufacturing, placing on the market and use; Annex III to the regulation are subject to release reduction provisions; and Annex IV to the regulation are subject to waste management provisions. Note that for some substances listed in Annex I, specific exemptions on the prohibition of their use, manufacturing and placing on the market may apply. |
| Classification |
Unintentional - by-product of insecticide Lindane production |
| Category |
A - (Elimination) |
| Year of Listing Decision |
2009 |
| Persistence |
The serum half-life for the clearance of alpha-HCH from depot fat was found to be 6.9 days in female rats and 1.6 days in male rats (Stein et al., 1980; Portig, 1983). Vohland et al. (1981) and Portig & Vohland (1983) studied the kinetics of alpha-HCH in Wistar rats, and observed that, after a single oral dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, the approximate half-life in females for the elimination from brain was 6 days. 7 years |
| Specific exemptions associated with its use |
Production: None |
| Acceptable purposes associated with its use |
None Formerly used in agriculture as a pesticide |
| Conventions on POPs |
Stockholm Convention Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Rotterdam Convention Basel Convention |
| Name |
Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane |
| Synonyms |
alpha-BHC (isomer) alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (1alpha,2alpha,3alpha,4alpha,5alpha,6alpha)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane; ±)-alpha-HCH (±)-alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane alpha-Benzenehexachloride alpha-Hexachloran alpha-Lindane alpha-Hexachlorane alpha-HCH Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha-isomer Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-, alpha- |
| Structure | Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl)Cl.png)
Molecular Formula:
C6H6Cl6
|
| CAS Number | 319-84-6 |
| European Community (EC) Number | 206-270-8 |
| European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) | 206-270-8 |
| PubChem ID | 727 |
| DSSTOX Substance ID | DTXSID2020684 |
| KEGG | C15214 |
| ChemSpider |
23621430 |
| Similarity threshold | Name of Related Compound | DSSTox Substance ID | CAS Number | Molecular weight | Molecular formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 | 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorocyclohexane | DTXSID80657935 | 95115-16-5 | 221 g/mol | C6H8Cl4 |
| 1.0 | Cyclohexane, 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro- | DTXSID10875660 | 60067-92-7 | 221 g/mol | C6H8Cl4 |
| 1.0 | 1-PENTACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE | DTXSID00875654 | 22138-39-2 | 256 g/mol | C6H7Cl5 |
| 1.0 | beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane | DTXSID7020685 | 319-85-7 | 290 g/mol | C6H6Cl6 |
| 1.0 | Lindane | DTXSID2020686 | 58-89-9 | 290 g/mol | C6H6Cl6 |
| 1.0 | 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane | DTXSID7020687 | 608-73-1 | 290 g/mol | C6H6Cl6 |
| 1.0 | delta-Hexachlorocyclohexane | DTXSID5024134 | 319-86-8 | 290 g/mol | C6H6Cl6 |
| 1.0 | epsilon-Hexachlorocyclohexane | DTXSID0024135 | 6108 10-7 | 290 g/mol | C6H6Cl6 |
| 0.94 | trans-1,2-Dichlorocyclohexane | DTXSID7022126 | 822-86-6 | 153 g/mol | C6H10Cl2 |
| 0.94 | 1,2,3-Trichlorooctane | DTXSID801005756 | 85269-46-1 | 217 g/mol | C8H15Cl3 |
| N/A | Full List of similar compounds | N/A | N/A | N/A g/mol | N/A |
| Description | Reference | Article Link |
|---|---|---|
| Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are produced and used as insecticide on fruit, vegetables, and forest crops, and for direct application on animals and animal housing. It is also available as a prescription medicine to treat or control scabies and head lice in humans. alpha-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane is a white solid substance that may evaporate under suitable conditions. It is was of eight isomeric forms of hexachlorocyclohexane. The four common isomers are alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-HCHs.HCHs are readily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Inhaling air contaminated with isomers of HCH can also lead to systemic absorption. HCHs can also be absorbed through the skin when used as a lotion, cream, or shampoo for the treatment or control of ectoparasites. In general, HCH isomers and their metabolites can be temporarily stored in body fat. Absorbed HCHs are mainly excreted via the urine. Lesser amounts are excreted in feces. In rats, the highest concentrations have been found in liver, kidneys, body fat, brain and muscles, with substantial deposition occurring in fatty tissue | Chen. 2005. Hexachlorocyclohexanes. | Link |
| Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) is a major by-product in the manufacture of lindane. Its solubility in water is low, but it is very soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, and xylene. It is a solid with a low vapour pressure. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log Pow) is 3.82. It is an environmental pollutant.In humans, breathing toxic amounts of alpha-HCH can result in blood disorders, dizziness, headaches, and possible changes in the levels of sex hormones in the blood. Long-term oral administration of alphaHCH or technical-grade HCH to laboratory rodents has been reported to result in liver cancer. | Chen. 2014. Hexachlorocyclohexanes Including Lindane. | Link |
| Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) is one of eight structural isomers that have been used worldwide as insecticides. It is a component of technical-grade HCH and a byproduct of gamma-HCH (commonly called Lindane) synthesis. Prior to the late 1970s, technical-grade HCH, a mixture of the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon isomers, was used on a wide variety of food crops, seeds, and ornamental plants. After that time only the gamma isomer, the isomer with the most significant insecticidal activity, was used. HCH production and use have declined over time and the final remaining approved uses of Lindane in the United States were cancelled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2006. Lindane has similarly been phased out in Europe, Mexico, and Canada, although it is still produced in India and possibly Russia | Bradley et al., 2016. | Link |
| Alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane | Wikipedia: Alpha Hexachlorocyclohexane accessed on 05 October 2020 | Link |