| Compound Name |
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether |
| Stockholm Annex code | I, IV |
| Key |
Annex I to the regulation are subject to prohibition (with specific exemptions) on manufacturing, placing on the market and use; Annex II to the regulation are subject to restriction on manufacturing, placing on the market and use; Annex III to the regulation are subject to release reduction provisions; and Annex IV to the regulation are subject to waste management provisions. Note that for some substances listed in Annex I, specific exemptions on the prohibition of their use, manufacturing and placing on the market may apply. |
| Classification |
Intentional production |
| Category |
Listed under Annex A with a specific exemption for use as articles containing these chemicals for re |
| Year of Listing Decision |
2009 |
| Persistence |
N/A |
| Specific exemptions associated with its use |
Production: None |
| Acceptable purposes associated with its use |
Use: Articles in accordance with the provisions of Part V of Annex A It has been used as a flame retardant additive in flexible polyurethane foam for furniture and upholstery and in electronic equipment. |
| Conventions on POPs |
Stockholm Convention Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Rotterdam Convention Basel Convention |
| Name |
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether |
| Synonyms |
1,2,3-Tribrom-4-(3-bromphenoxy)benzol 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether 1,2,3-Tribromo-4-(3-bromophénoxy)benzène Benzene, 1,2,3-tribromo-4-(3-bromophenoxy)- 2,3,4-Tribromophenyl 3-bromophenyl ether Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-, tetrabromo deriv |
| Structure | Br)OC2=C(C(=C(C=C2)Br)Br)Br.png)
Molecular Formula:
C12H6Br4O
|
| CAS Number | 40088-47-9 |
| European Community (EC) Number | 254-787-2 |
| European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) | 254-787-2 |
| PubChem ID | 22833475 |
| DSSTOX Substance ID | DTXSID8024319 |
| KEGG | C18204 |
| ChemSpider |
17215736 |
| Similarity threshold | Name of Related Compound | DSSTox Substance ID | CAS Number | Molecular weight | Molecular formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Markush Child | 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether | DTXSID3030056 | 5436-43-1 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | 2,3',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether | DTXSID9052688 | 189084-61-5 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | 1,3-Dibromo-2-(2,4-dibromophenoxy)benzene | DTXSID40616285 | 189084-57-9 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | 1,1'-Oxybis(3,5-dibromobenzene) | DTXSID30708183 | 103173-66-6 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | 2,3',4',6-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether | DTXSID90873922 | 189084-62-6 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | 2,2',4,5'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether | DTXSID90873927 | 243982-82-3 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | BDE-77 | DTXSID80877030 | 93703-48-1 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | BDE-40 | DTXSID70879866 | 337513-77-6 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | BDE-41 | DTXSID30879867 | 337513-68-5 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| Markush Child | BDE-42 | DTXSID90879868 | 446254-18-8 | 485 g/mol | C12H6Br4O |
| N/A | Full List of Similar compounds | N/A | N/A | N/A g/mol | N/A |
| Description | Reference | Article Link |
|---|---|---|
| 2,2',4,4' -Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) belongs to a class of flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers or PBDEs) that are increasingly being detected in the environment and which have been found in humans and the food supply. PBDEs are intentionally produced for their legally required role in consumer product protection. PBDEs are one of many flame retardant chemicals that have been used to meet stringent flammability standards and requirements in consumer products (i.e., furniture, electronics, etc.). The tetrabromo PBDE congener BDE-47 is the major persistent PBDE found in environmental and wildlife samples. Its high levels in such samples could be due to exposure, selective absorption, or degradation of more highly brominated PBDEs. | Hakk et al., 2010. Metabolism of 2,2',4,4' -Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) in Chickens | Link |
| The widespread use of PBDEs over the past 30 years has resulted in the presence of some lower brominated congeners in the environment, for example 2,2',4,4' tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47), whereas, highly brominated congeners (e.g., deca-BDE) are usually only found near point sources. PBDEs are released into the environment from their manufacture and are used as flame retardants in a wide range of products. The EU banned the use of penta- and octa-BDE in 2004 and has also banned the use of deca-BDE in electronics. As with PCBs, there are theoretically 209 different PBDE congeners possible. PBDEs have mainly been produced as three main commercial products: pentabromodiphenyl oxide or ether (Penta-BDE), octabromodiphenyl oxide or ether (Octa-BDE), and decabromodiphenyl oxide or ether (Deca-BDE). | Berntssen et al., 2017. Chapter 20 - Chemical Contamination of Finfish With Organic Pollutants and Metals. | Link |
| Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs), a new class of persistent organic pollutants, are widely used in a variety of products (such as electrical appliances, building materials, textiles, furniture) due to their superior flame retardant properties. The processes of manufacturing, utilizing, recycling and disposing of the products containing PBDEs are often accompanied by the release of PBDEs. PBDEs, containing a total of 209 congeners and BDE-47 is one of the most important PBDEs congeners and is also one of the prominent degradation product of high bromine biphenyl ethers. BDE-47 has been frequently detected in fresh-waters, air, soil, sediments, biota and human bodies. Migration of BDE-47 in the environment and biota has attracted considerable research effort from the scientific community because of its high biotic toxicities, such as toxic effect on the thyroid gland, the nervous system, and the reproductive and development system. Current studies about BDE-47 mainly focus on the determination, toxicology, and biological degradation. | Liu et al., 2019. Study on photodegradation pathway and mechanism of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether. | Link |
| Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, are ubiquitous environmental pollutants because of their extreme persistence and adverse effects on ecosystem and human health. Because of the strong hydrophobicity, PBDEs tend to retain and accumulate in soil/sediment. High concentrations of PBDEs have been detected in soils/sediments around the world, especially in the coastal and estuarine areas near electronic wastes recycling sites | Chen et al., 2018. Biochar accelerates microbial reductive debromination of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in anaerobic mangrove sediments. | Link |