| Compound Name |
p,p'-dicofol |
| Stockholm Annex code | I, IV |
| Key |
Annex I to the regulation are subject to prohibition (with specific exemptions) on manufacturing, placing on the market and use; Annex II to the regulation are subject to restriction on manufacturing, placing on the market and use; Annex III to the regulation are subject to release reduction provisions; and Annex IV to the regulation are subject to waste management provisions. Note that for some substances listed in Annex I, specific exemptions on the prohibition of their use, manufacturing and placing on the market may apply. |
| Classification |
Intentional Unintentional |
| Category |
N/A |
| Year of Listing Decision |
2019 |
| Persistence |
Dicofol has a soil half-life of 60 days |
| Specific exemptions associated with its use |
Production: In some parts of the world, since Dicofol is classified as a Level II "moderately hazardous" pesticide by the World Health Organization |
| Acceptable purposes associated with its use |
Used as a miticide against spider mite |
| Conventions on POPs |
Stockholm Convention Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Rotterdam Convention Basel Convention |
| Name |
p,p'-dicofol |
| Synonyms |
Kelthane Acarin Benzenemethanol, 4-chloro-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-(trichloromethyl)- Dichlorokelthane 2,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol 1,1-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol 4-Chloro-?-(4-chlorophenyl)-?-(trichloromethyl)benzenemethanol Benzhydrol, 4,4'-dichloro-?-(trichloromethyl)- 4,4'-Dichloro-?-(trichloromethyl)benzhydrol Dicofol [Benzenemethanol, 4-chloro-?-(4-chlorophenyl)-?-(trichloromethyl)-] |
| Structure | C=C1)(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl.png)
Molecular Formula:
C14H9Cl5O
|
| CAS Number | 10606-46-9 |
| European Community (EC) Number | N/A |
| European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) | 204-082-0 |
| PubChem ID | 8268 |
| DSSTOX Substance ID | DTXSID4020450 |
| KEGG | C14301 |
| ChemSpider |
7970 |
| Similarity threshold | Name of Related Compound | DSSTox Substance ID | CAS Number | Molecular weight | Molecular formula |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.95 | 2,2-Dichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-ol | DTXSID40957049 | 3567-18-8 | 336 g/mol | C14H10Cl4O |
| 0.91 | 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-diphenylethanol | DTXSID30283182 | 6795-82-0 | 301 g/mol | C14H11Cl3O |
| 0.9 | o,p'-Dicofol | DTXSID10883169 | 10606-46-9 | 370 g/mol | C14H9Cl5O |
| 0.89 | 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanol | DTXSID60287996 | 6963-38-8 | 259 g/mol | C8H6Cl4O |
| 0.86 | 2-Chloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-ol | DTXSID701001125 | 80268-72-0 | 301 g/mol | C14H11Cl3O |
| Description | Reference | Article Link |
|---|---|---|
| Dicofol (DCF) is a typical representative of OCPs, with the chemical name 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethanol. As a broad spectrum acaricide, DCF is mostly used to prevent and control insect of tea, cotton, vegetables, citrus and other crops. DCF residues can affect ecosystems adversely, causing serious environmental pollution. More specifically, DCF high toxicity (i.e., carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic) could cause acute poising of fish and shrimp, endocrine disruptive properties, and chronic toxicity to other organisms. Therefore, it is believed that DCF would exert a negative influence on both animals and humans. Most developed countries have already prohibited the DCF application due to concerns about persistency and toxicity. However, DCF residues in crops, especially in tea, remain as a serious problem. Its concentration still exceeds the standard due to its stable chemical property and long residual period, highlighting the need for removing residual DCF from the environment. | Lu et al., 2019. Biodegradation of dicofol by Microbacterium sp. D-2 isolated from pesticide-contaminated agricultural soil | Link |
| Dicofol or kelthane is a white crystalline, wettable powder dissolved in a liquid carrier, (water). The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Since it is a liquid it can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. It can cause illness by inhalation, skin absorption, and/or ingestion. It is used as a pesticide. | CAMEO Chemicals. Accessed 13 October 2020 | Link |
| In tea plantation, dicofol is used to control mites, such as red spider, yellow, and pink mites. It is higly toxic to acquatic life and can also cause egg-shells thinning in some bird species. In mammals, it affects the central nervous system (CNS). Dicofol is practically insoluble in water and gets absorbed very strongly to soil particles. It is therefore nearly immobile in soils and unlikely to infiltrate groundwater. Dicofol can enter surface waters when soil erosion occurs. | Sarkar et al., 2008. Biodegradation of Dicofol by Pseudomonas strains isolated from tea rhizosphere microflora. | Link |
| Dicofol is an organochlorine pesticide that is chemically related to DDT. Dicofol is a miticide that is very effective against spider mite. One of the intermediates used in its production is DDT. This has caused criticism by many environmentalists; however, the World Health Organization classifies dicofol as a Level II, "moderately hazardous" pesticide. | Wikipedia. Accessed 13 October 2020 | Link |